METHOD 315 - DETERMINATION OF PARTICULATE AND METHYLENE CHLORIDE EXTRACTABLE MATTER (MCEM) FROM SELECTED SOURCES AT PRIMARY ALUMINUM PRODUCTION FACILITIES - APPENDIX A TO PART 63 - TEST METHODS
NOTE: This method
does not include all of the specifications (e.g., equipment and supplies) and
procedures (e.g., sampling and analytical) essential to its performance. Some
material is incorporated by reference from other methods in this part.
Therefore, to obtain reliable results, persons using this method should have a
thorough knowledge of at least the following additional test methods: Method 1,
Method 2, Method 3, and Method 5 of 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
6.1.3 Gas density
determination equipment.
8.0 Sample Collection,
Preservation, Storage, and Transport.
8.2 Preliminary
determinations.
8.3 Preparation of
sampling train.
8.6 Calculation of
percent isokinetic.
9.1 Miscellaneous
quality control measures.
9.2 Volume metering
system checks.
9.2.2 Calibrated
critical orifice.
10.0 Calibration and
Standardization.
10.3.1 Calibration
prior to use.
10.3.3 Acceptable
variation in calibration.
10.4 Probe heater
calibration.
12.0 Data Analysis and
Calculations.
13.0 Method
Performance. [Reserved]
14.0 Pollution
Prevention. [Reserved]
15.0 Waste Management.
[Reserved]
16.1 Dry gas meter as a
calibration standard.
16.1.1 Standard dry gas
meter calibration.
16.1.2 Standard dry gas
meter recalibration.
16.2 Critical orifices
as calibration standards.
16.2.1 Selection of
critical orifices.
16.2.2 Critical orifice
calibration.
16.2.3 Using the
critical orifices as calibration standards.
18.0 Tables, Diagrams,
Flowcharts, and Validation Data
1.0 Scope and Application.
1.1 Analytes.
Particulate matter (PM). No CAS number assigned. Methylene
chloride extractable matter (MCEM). No CAS number assigned.
1.2 Applicability.
This method is applicable for the simultaneous
determination of PM and MCEM when specified in an applicable regulation. This
method was developed by consensus with the Aluminum Association and the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and has limited precision estimates for
MCEM; it should have similar precision to Method 5 for PM in 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A since the procedures are similar for PM.
1.3 Data quality objectives.
Adherence to the requirements of this method will enhance
the quality of the data obtained from air pollutant sampling methods.
2.0 Summary of Method.
Particulate matter and MCEM are withdrawn isokinetically
from the source. PM is collected on a glass fiber filter maintained at a
temperature in the range of l20 ± l4¡C (248 ± 25¡F) or such other temperature
as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or approved by the
Administrator for a particular application. The PM mass, which includes any
material that condenses on the probe and is subsequently removed in an acetone
rinse or on the filter at or above the filtration temperature, is determined
gravimetrically after removal of uncombined water. MCEM is then determined by
adding a methylene chloride rinse of the probe and filter holder, extracting
the condensable hydrocarbons collected in the impinger water, adding an acetone
rinse followed by a methylene chloride rinse of the sampling train components
after the filter and before the silica gel impinger, and determining residue
gravimetrically after evaporating the solvents.
3.0 Definitions. [Reserved]
4.0 Interferences. [Reserved]
5.0 Safety.
This method may involve hazardous materials, operations,
and equipment. This method does not purport to address all of the safety
problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
method to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to performing this test method.
6.0 Equipment and Supplies.
NOTE: Mention of
trade names or specific products does not constitute endorsement by the EPA.
6.1 Sample collection.
The following items are required for sample collection:
6.1.1 Sampling train.
A schematic of the sampling train used in this method is
shown in Figure 5-l, Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Complete
construction details are given in APTD-058l (Reference 2 in section 17.0 of
this method); commercial models of this train are also available. For changes
from APTD- 058l and for allowable modifications of the train shown in Figure
5-l, Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, see the following subsections.
NOTE: The
operating and maintenance procedures for the sampling train are described in
APTD-0576 (Reference 3 in section 17.0 of this method). Since correct usage is
important in obtaining valid results, all users should read APTD-0576 and adopt
the operating and maintenance procedures outlined in it, unless otherwise
specified herein. The use of grease for sealing sampling train components is
not recommended because many greases are soluble in methylene chloride. The
sampling train consists of the following components:
6.1.1.1 Probe nozzle. Glass or glass lined with sharp,
tapered leading edge. The angle of taper shall be <30¡, and the taper
shall be on the outside to preserve a constant internal diameter. The probe
nozzle shall be of the button-hook or elbow design, unless otherwise specified
by the Administrator. Other materials of construction may be used, subject to
the approval of the Administrator. A range of nozzle sizes suitable for
isokinetic sampling should be available. Typical nozzle sizes range from 0.32
to l.27 cm (l/8 to l/2 in.) inside diameter (ID) in increments of 0.16 cm (l/16
in.). Larger nozzle sizes are also available if higher volume sampling trains
are used. Each nozzle shall be calibrated according to the procedures outlined
in section 10.0 of this method.
6.l.1.2 Probe liner. Borosilicate or quartz glass tubing
with a heating system capable of maintaining a probe gas temperature at the
exit end during sampling of l20 ± l4¡C (248 ± 25¡F), or such other temperature
as specified by an applicable subpart of the standards or approved by the
Administrator for a particular application. Because the actual temperature at
the outlet of the probe is not usually monitored during sampling, probes
constructed according to APTD-058l and using the calibration curves of
APTD-0576 (or calibrated according to the procedure outlined in APTD-0576) will
be considered acceptable. Either borosilicate or quartz glass probe liners may
be used for stack temperatures up to about 480¡C (900¡F); quartz liners shall
be used for temperatures between 480 and 900¡C (900 and l,650¡F). Both types of
liners may be used at higher temperatures than specified for short periods of
time, subject to the approval of the Administrator. The softening temperature
for borosilicate glass is 820¡C (l,500¡F) and for quartz glass it is l,500¡C
(2,700¡F).
6.l.1.3 Pitot tube. Type S, as described in section 6.l of
Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, or other device approved by the
Administrator. The pitot tube shall be attached to the probe (as shown in
Figure 5-l of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A) to allow constant
monitoring of the stack gas velocity. The impact (high pressure) opening plane
of the pitot tube shall be even with or above the nozzle entry plane (see
Method 2, Figure 2-6b, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A) during sampling. The Type S
pitot tube assembly shall have a known coefficient, determined as outlined in section 10.0 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
6.l.1.4 Differential pressure gauge. Inclined manometer or
equivalent device (two), as described in section 6.2 of Method 2, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A. One manometer shall be used for velocity head (Dp) readings,
and the other, for orifice differential pressure readings.
6.l.1.5 Filter holder. Borosilicate glass, with a glass
frit filter support and a silicone rubber gasket. The holder design shall
provide a positive seal against leakage from the outside or around the filter.
The holder shall be attached immediately at the outlet of the probe (or
cyclone, if used).
6.l.1.6 Filter heating system. Any heating system capable
of maintaining a temperature around the filter holder of l20 ± l4¡C (248 ±
25¡F) during sampling, or such other temperature as specified by an applicable
subpart of the standards or approved by the Administrator for a particular
application. Alternatively, the tester may opt to operate the equipment at a
temperature lower than that specified. A temperature gauge capable of measuring
temperature to within 3¡C (5.4¡F) shall be installed so that the temperature
around the filter holder can be regulated and monitored during sampling.
Heating systems other than the one shown in APTD-058l may be used.
6.1.1.7 Temperature sensor. A temperature sensor capable
of measuring temperature to within +3¡C (5.4¡F) shall be installed so
that the sensing tip of the temperature sensor is in direct contact with the
sample gas, and the temperature around the filter holder can be regulated and
monitored during sampling.
6.1.l.8 Condenser. The following system shall be used to
determine the stack gas moisture content: four glass impingers connected in
series with leak-free ground glass fittings. The first, third, and fourth
impingers shall be of the Greenburg-Smith design, modified by replacing the tip
with a l.3 cm (l/2 in.) ID glass tube extending to about l.3 cm (l/2 in.) from
the bottom of the flask. The second impinger shall be of the Greenburg-Smith
design with the standard tip. The first and second impingers shall contain
known quantities of water (section 8.3.1 of this method), the third shall be
empty, and the fourth shall contain a known weight of silica gel or equivalent
desiccant. A temperature sensor capable of measuring temperature to within l¡C
(2¡F) shall be placed at the outlet of the fourth impinger for monitoring.
6.1.l.9 Metering system. Vacuum gauge, leak-free pump,
temperature sensors capable of measuring temperature to within 3¡C (5.4¡F), dry
gas meter (DGM) capable of measuring volume to within 2 percent, and related
equipment, as shown in Figure 5-l of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
Other metering systems capable of maintaining sampling rates within 10 percent
of isokinetic and of determining sample volumes to within 2 percent may be
used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. When the metering system is
used in conjunction with a pitot tube, the system shall allow periodic checks
of isokinetic rates.
6.1.1.10 Sampling trains using metering systems designed
for higher flow rates than that described in APTD-058l or APTD-0576 may be used
provided that the specifications of this method are met.
6.1.2 Barometer.
Mercury, aneroid, or other barometer capable of measuring
atmospheric pressure to within 2.5 mm (0.l in.) Hg.
NOTE: The
barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby National Weather Service
station. In this case, the station value (which is the absolute barometric
pressure) shall be requested and an adjustment for elevation differences
between the weather station and sampling point shall be made at a rate of minus
2.5 mm (0.l in) Hg per 30 m (l00 ft) elevation increase or plus 2.5 mm (0.1 in)
Hg per 30 m (100 ft) elevation decrease.
6.1.3 Gas density determination equipment.
Temperature sensor and pressure gauge, as described in sections 6.3 and 6.4 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, and gas analyzer,
if necessary, as described in Method 3, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The
temperature sensor shall, preferably, be permanently attached to the pitot tube
or sampling probe in a fixed configuration, such that the tip of the sensor
extends beyond the leading edge of the probe sheath and does not touch any metal.
Alternatively, the sensor may be attached just prior to use in the field. Note,
however, that if the temperature sensor is attached in the field, the sensor
must be placed in an interference-free arrangement with respect to the Type S
pitot tube openings (see Method 2, Figure 2-4, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A). As
a second alternative, if a difference of not more than l percent in the average
velocity measurement is to be introduced, the temperature sensor need not be
attached to the probe or pitot tube. (This alternative is subject to the
approval of the Administrator.)
6.2 Sample recovery.
The following items are required for sample recovery:
6.2.l Probe-liner and probe-nozzle brushes. Nylon or
Teflon¨ bristle brushes with stainless steel wire handles. The probe brush
shall have extensions (at least as long as the probe) constructed of stainless
steel, nylon, Teflon¨, or similarly inert material. The brushes shall be
properly sized and shaped to brush out the probe liner and nozzle.
6.2.2 Wash bottles. Glass wash bottles are recommended.
Polyethylene or tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) wash bottles may be used, but they
may introduce a positive bias due to contamination from the bottle. It is
recommended that acetone not be stored in polyethylene or TFE bottles for
longer than a month.
6.2.3 Glass sample storage containers. Chemically
resistant, borosilicate glass bottles, for acetone and methylene chloride
washes and impinger water, 500 ml or 1,000 ml. Screw-cap liners shall either be
rubber-backed Teflon¨ or shall be constructed so as to be leak-free and
resistant to chemical attack by acetone or methylene chloride. (Narrow-mouth
glass bottles have been found to be less prone to leakage.) Alternatively,
polyethylene bottles may be used.
6.2.4 Petri dishes. For filter samples, glass, unless
otherwise specified by the Administrator.
6.2.5 Graduated cylinder and/or balance. To measure
condensed water, acetone wash and methylene chloride wash used during field
recovery of the samples, to within l ml or l g. Graduated cylinders shall have
subdivisions no greater than 2 ml. Most laboratory balances are capable of
weighing to the nearest 0.5 g or less. Any such balance is suitable for use
here and in section 6.3.4 of this method.
6.2.6 Plastic storage containers. Air-tight containers to
store silica gel.
6.2.7 Funnel and rubber policeman. To aid in transfer of
silica gel to container; not necessary if silica gel is weighed in the field.
6.2.8 Funnel. Glass or polyethylene, to aid in sample
recovery.
6.3 Sample analysis.
The following equipment is required for sample analysis:
6.3.l Glass or Teflon¨ weighing dishes.
6.3.2 Desiccator. It is recommended that fresh desiccant
be used to minimize the chance for positive bias due to absorption of organic
material during drying.
6.3.3 Analytical balance. To measure to within 0.l mg.
6.3.4 Balance. To measure to within 0.5 g.
6.3.5 Beakers. 250 ml.
6.3.6 Hygrometer. To measure the relative humidity of the
laboratory environment.
6.3.7 Temperature sensor. To measure the temperature of
the laboratory environment.
6.3.8 Buchner fritted funnel. 30 ml size, fine (<50
micron)-porosity fritted glass.
6.3.9 Pressure filtration apparatus.
6.3.10 Aluminum dish. Flat bottom, smooth sides, and
flanged top, 18 mm deep and with an inside diameter of approximately 60 mm.
7.0 Reagents and Standards.
7.l Sample collection.
The following reagents are required for sample collection:
7.l.l Filters. Glass fiber filters, without organic
binder, exhibiting at least 99.95 percent efficiency (<0.05 percent
penetration) on 0.3 micron dioctyl phthalate smoke particles. The filter
efficiency test shall be conducted in accordance with ASTM Method D 2986-95A
(incorporated by reference in ¤ 63.841 of this part). Test data from the supplier's
quality control program are sufficient for this purpose. In sources containing
S02 or S03 , the filter material must be of a type that is unreactive to S02 or
S03 . Reference 10 in section 17.0 of this method may be used to select the
appropriate filter.
7.l.2 Silica gel. Indicating type, 6 to l6 mesh. If
previously used, dry at l75¡C (350¡F) for 2 hours. New silica gel may be used
as received. Alternatively, other types of desiccants (equivalent or better)
may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
7.l.3 Water. When analysis of the material caught in the
impingers is required, deionized distilled water shall be used. Run blanks
prior to field use to eliminate a high blank on test samples.
7.l.4 Crushed ice.
7.l.5 Stopcock grease. Acetone-insoluble, heat-stable
silicone grease. This is not necessary if screw-on connectors with Teflon¨
sleeves, or similar, are used. Alternatively, other types of stopcock grease
may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. [Caution: Many stopcock
greases are methylene chloride-soluble. Use sparingly and carefully remove
prior to recovery to prevent contamination of the MCEM analysis.]
7.2 Sample recovery.
The following reagents are required for sample recovery:
7.2.1 Acetone. Acetone with blank values < 1 ppm, by
weight residue, is required. Acetone blanks may be run prior to field use, and
only acetone with low blank values may be used. In no case shall a blank value
of greater than 1E-06 of the weight of acetone used be subtracted from the
sample weight. NOTE: This is more restrictive than Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A. At least one vendor (Supelco Incorporated located in Bellefonte,
Pennsylvania) lists <1 mg/l as residue for its Environmental Analysis
Solvents.
7.2.2 Methylene chloride. Methylene chloride with a blank
value <1.5 ppm, by weight, residue. Methylene chloride blanks may be run
prior to field use, and only methylene chloride with low blank values may be
used. In no case shall a blank value of greater than 1.6E-06 of the weight of
methylene chloride used be subtracted from the sample weight.
NOTE: A least one vendor quotes <1 mg/l for
Environmental Analysis Solvents-grade methylene chloride.
7.3 Sample analysis.
The following reagents are required for sample analysis:
7.3.l Acetone. Same as in section 7.2.1 of this method.
7.3.2 Desiccant. Anhydrous calcium sulfate, indicating
type. Alternatively, other types of desiccants may be used, subject to the
approval of the Administrator.
7.3.3 Methylene chloride. Same as in section 7.2.2 of this
method.
8.0 Sample Collection, Preservation, Storage, and Transport.
NOTE: The
complexity of this method is such that, in order to obtain reliable results,
testers should be trained and experienced with the test procedures.
8.1 Pretest preparation.
It is suggested that sampling equipment be maintained
according to the procedures described in APTD-0576.
8.1.1 Weigh several 200 g to 300 g portions of silica gel
in airtight containers to the nearest 0.5 g. Record on each container the total
weight of the silica gel plus container. As an alternative, the silica gel need
not be pre-weighed but may be weighed directly in its impinger or sampling
holder just prior to train assembly.
8.1.2 A batch of glass fiber filters, no more than 50 at a
time, should be placed in a soxhlet extraction apparatus and extracted using
methylene chloride for at least 16 hours. After extraction, check filters
visually against light for irregularities, flaws, or pinhole leaks. Label the
shipping containers (glass or plastic Petri dishes), and keep the filters in
these containers at all times except during sampling and weighing.
8.1.3 Desiccate the filters at 20 ± 5.6¡C (68 ± l0¡F) and
ambient pressure for at least 24 hours and weigh at intervals of at least 6 hours
to a constant weight, i.e., < 0.5 mg change from previous weighing; record
results to the nearest 0.l mg. During each weighing the filter must not be
exposed to the laboratory atmosphere for longer than 2 minutes and a relative
humidity above 50 percent. Alternatively (unless otherwise specified by the
Administrator), the filters may be oven-dried at l04¡C (220¡F) for 2 to 3
hours, desiccated for 2 hours, and weighed. Procedures other than those
described, which account for relative humidity effects, may be used, subject to
the approval of the Administrator.
8.2 Preliminary determinations.
8.2.1 Select the sampling site and the minimum number of
sampling points according to Method l, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A or as
specified by the Administrator. Determine the stack pressure, temperature, and
the range of velocity heads using Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A; it is
recommended that a leak check of the pitot lines (see section 8.1 of Method 2,
40 CFR part 60, appendix A) be performed. Determine the moisture content using
Approximation Method 4 (section 1.2 of Method 4, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A) or
its alternatives to make isokinetic sampling rate settings. Determine the stack
gas dry molecular weight, as described in section 8.6 of Method 2, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A; if integrated Method 3 sampling is used for molecular weight
determination, the integrated bag sample shall be taken simultaneously with,
and for the same total length of time as, the particulate sample run.
8.2.2 Select a nozzle size based on the range of velocity
heads such that it is not necessary to change the nozzle size in order to
maintain isokinetic sampling rates. During the run, do not change the nozzle
size. Ensure that the proper differential pressure gauge is chosen for the
range of velocity heads encountered (see section 8.2 of Method 2, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A).
8.2.3 Select a suitable probe liner and probe length such
that all traverse points can be sampled. For large stacks, consider sampling
from opposite sides of the stack to reduce the required probe length.
8.2.4 Select a total sampling time greater than or equal
to the minimum total sampling time specified in the test procedures for the
specific industry such that: (l) The sampling time per point is not less than 2
minutes (or some greater time interval as specified by the Administrator); and
(2) the sample volume taken (corrected to standard conditions) will exceed the
required minimum total gas sample volume. The latter is based on an approximate
average sampling rate.
8.2.5 The sampling time at each point shall be the same.
It is recommended that the number of minutes sampled at each point be an
integer or an integer plus one-half minute, in order to eliminate timekeeping
errors.
8.2.6 In some circumstances (e.g., batch cycles), it may
be necessary to sample for shorter times at the traverse points and to obtain
smaller gas sample volumes. In these cases, the Administrator's approval must
first be obtained.
8.3 Preparation of sampling train.
8.3.1 During preparation and assembly of the sampling
train, keep all openings where contamination can occur covered until just prior
to assembly or until sampling is about to begin. Place l00 ml of water in each
of the first two impingers, leave the third impinger empty, and transfer
approximately 200 to 300 g of preweighed silica gel from its container to the
fourth impinger. More silica gel may be used, but care should be taken to
ensure that it is not entrained and carried out from the impinger during
sampling. Place the container in a clean place for later use in the sample
recovery. Alternatively, the weight of the silica gel plus impinger may be
determined to the nearest 0.5 g and recorded.
8.3.2 Using a tweezer or clean disposable surgical gloves,
place a labeled (identified) and weighed filter in the filter holder. Be sure
that the filter is properly centered and the gasket properly placed so as to
prevent the sample gas stream from circumventing the filter. Check the filter
for tears after assembly is completed.
8.3.3 When glass liners are used, install the selected
nozzle using a Viton A 0-ring when stack temperatures are less than 260¡C
(500¡F) and an asbestos string gasket when temperatures are higher. See
APTD-0576 for details. Mark the probe with heat-resistant tape or by some other
method to denote the proper distance into the stack or duct for each sampling
point.
8.3.4 Set up the train as in Figure 5-l of Method 5, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A, using (if necessary) a very light coat of silicone
grease on all ground glass joints, greasing only the outer portion (see
APTD-0576) to avoid possibility of contamination by the silicone grease.
Subject to the approval of the Administrator, a glass cyclone may be used
between the probe and filter holder when the total particulate catch is
expected to exceed l00 mg or when water droplets are present in the stack gas.
8.3.5 Place crushed ice around the impingers.
8.4 Leak-check procedures.
8.4.1 Leak check of metering system shown in Figure 5-l of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. That portion of the sampling train from
the pump to the orifice meter should be leak-checked prior to initial use and
after each shipment. Leakage after the pump will result in less volume being
recorded than is actually sampled. The following procedure is suggested (see
Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A): Close the main valve on
the meter box. Insert a one-hole rubber stopper with rubber tubing attached
into the orifice exhaust pipe. Disconnect and vent the low side of the orifice
manometer. Close off the low side orifice tap. Pressurize the system to l3 to
l8 cm (5 to 7 in.) water column by blowing into the rubber tubing. Pinch off
the tubing, and observe the manometer for 1 minute. A loss of pressure on the
manometer indicates a leak in the meter box; leaks, if present, must be
corrected.
8.4.2 Pretest leak check. A pretest leak-check is
recommended but not required. If the pretest leak check is conducted, the
following procedure should be used.
8.4.2.1 After the sampling train has been assembled, turn
on and set the filter and probe heating systems to the desired operating
temperatures. Allow time for the temperatures to stabilize. If a Viton A 0-ring
or other leak-free connection is used in assembling the probe nozzle to the
probe liner, leak-check the train at the sampling site by plugging the nozzle
and pulling a 380 mm (l5 in.) Hg vacuum.
NOTE: A lower
vacuum may be used, provided that it is not exceeded during the test.
8.4.2.2 If an asbestos string is used, do not connect the
probe to the train during the leak check. Instead, leak-check the train by
first plugging the inlet to the filter holder (cyclone, if applicable) and
pulling a 380 mm (l5 in.) Hg vacuum. (See NOTE in section 8.4.2.1 of this
method). Then connect the probe to the train and perform the leak check at
approximately 25 mm (l in.) Hg vacuum; alternatively, the probe may be
leak-checked with the rest of the sampling train, in one step, at 380 mm (l5
in.) Hg vacuum. Leakage rates in excess of 4 percent of the average sampling
rate or 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm), whichever is less, are unacceptable.
8.4.2.3 The following leak check instructions for the
sampling train described in APTD-0576 and APTD-058l may be helpful. Start the
pump with the bypass valve fully open and the coarse adjust valve completely
closed. Partially open the coarse adjust valve and slowly close the bypass
valve until the desired vacuum is reached. Do not reverse the direction of the
bypass valve, as this will cause water to back up into the filter holder. If
the desired vacuum is exceeded, either leak-check at this higher vacuum or end
the leak check as shown below and start over.
8.4.2.4 When the leak check is completed, first slowly
remove the plug from the inlet to the probe, filter holder, or cyclone (if
applicable) and immediately turn off the vacuum pump. This prevents the water
in the impingers from being forced backward into the filter holder and the
silica gel from being entrained backward into the third impinger.
8.4.3 Leak checks during sample run. If, during the
sampling run, a component (e.g., filter assembly or impinger) change becomes
necessary, a leak check shall be conducted immediately before the change is
made. The leak check shall be done according to the procedure outlined in
section 8.4.2 of this method, except that it shall be done at a vacuum equal to
or greater than the maximum value recorded up to that point in the test. If the
leakage rate is found to be no greater than 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent
of the average sampling rate (whichever is less), the results are acceptable,
and no correction will need to be applied to the total volume of dry gas
metered; if, however, a higher leakage rate is obtained, either record the
leakage rate and plan to correct the sample volume as shown in section 12.3 of
this method or void the sample run.
NOTE: Immediately
after component changes, leak checks are optional; if such leak checks are
done, the procedure outlined in section 8.4.2 of this method should be used.
8.4.4 Post-test leak check. A leak check is mandatory at
the conclusion of each sampling run. The leak check shall be performed in
accordance with the procedures outlined in section 8.4.2 of this method, except
that it shall be conducted at a vacuum equal to or greater than the maximum
value reached during the sampling run. If the leakage rate is found to be no
greater than 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent of the average sampling
rate (whichever is less), the results are acceptable, and no correction need be
applied to the total volume of dry gas metered. If, however, a higher leakage
rate is obtained, either record the leakage rate and correct the sample volume,
as shown in section 12.4 of this method, or void the sampling run.
8.5 Sampling train operation.
During the sampling run, maintain an isokinetic sampling
rate (within l0 percent of true isokinetic unless otherwise specified by the
Administrator) and a temperature around the filter of l20 ± l4¡C (248 ± 25¡F),
or such other temperature as specified by an applicable subpart of the
standards or approved by the Administrator.
8.5.1 For each run, record the data required on a data
sheet such as the one shown in Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A. Be sure to record the initial reading. Record the DGM readings at the
beginning and end of each sampling time increment, when changes in flow rates
are made, before and after each leak-check, and when sampling is halted. Take
other readings indicated by Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A
at least once at each sample point during each time increment and additional
readings when significant changes (20 percent variation in velocity head
readings) necessitate additional adjustments in flow rate. Level and zero the
manometer. Because the manometer level and zero may drift due to vibrations and
temperature changes, make periodic checks during the traverse.
8.5.2 Clean the portholes prior to the test run to
minimize the chance of sampling deposited material. To begin sampling, remove
the nozzle cap and verify that the filter and probe heating systems are up to
temperature and that the pitot tube and probe are properly positioned. Position
the nozzle at the first traverse point with the tip pointing directly into the
gas stream. Immediately start the pump and adjust the flow to isokinetic
conditions. Nomographs are available, which aid in the rapid adjustment of the
isokinetic sampling rate without excessive computations. These nomographs are
designed for use when the Type S pitot tube coefficient (Cp ) is 0.85 ± 0.02
and the stack gas equivalent density (dry molecular weight) is 29 ± 4.
APTD-0576 details the procedure for using the nomographs. If Cp and Md are
outside the above-stated ranges, do not use the nomographs unless appropriate
steps (see Reference 7 in section 17.0 of this method) are taken to compensate
for the deviations.
8.5.3 When the stack is under significant negative
pressure (height of impinger stem), close the coarse adjust valve before
inserting the probe into the stack to prevent water from backing into the
filter holder. If necessary, the pump may be turned on with the coarse adjust
valve closed.
8.5.4 When the probe is in position, block off the
openings around the probe and porthole to prevent unrepresentative dilution of
the gas stream.
8.5.5 Traverse the stack cross-section, as required by
Method l, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A or as specified by the Administrator,
being careful not to bump the probe nozzle into the stack walls when sampling
near the walls or when removing or inserting the probe through the portholes;
this minimizes the chance of extracting deposited material.
8.5.6 During the test run, make periodic adjustments to
keep the temperature around the filter holder at the proper level; add more ice
and, if necessary, salt to maintain a temperature of less than 20¡C (68¡F) at
the condenser/silica gel outlet. Also, periodically check the level and zero of
the manometer.
8.5.7 If the pressure drop across the filter becomes too
high, making isokinetic sampling difficult to maintain, the filter may be
replaced in the midst of the sample run. It is recommended that another
complete filter assembly be used rather than attempting to change the filter
itself. Before a new filter assembly is installed, conduct a leak check (see
section 8.4.3 of this method). The total PM weight shall include the summation
of the filter assembly catches.
8.5.8 A single train shall be used for the entire sample
run, except in cases where simultaneous sampling is required in two or more
separate ducts or at two or more different locations within the same duct, or
in cases where equipment failure necessitates a change of trains. In all other
situations, the use of two or more trains will be subject to the approval of
the Administrator.
NOTE: When two or
more trains are used, separate analyses of the front-half and (if applicable)
impinger catches from each train shall be performed, unless identical nozzle
sizes were used in all trains, in which case the front-half catches from the
individual trains may be combined (as may the impinger catches) and one
analysis of the front-half catch and one analysis of the impinger catch may be
performed.
8.5.9 At the end of the sample run, turn off the coarse
adjust valve, remove the probe and nozzle from the stack, turn off the pump,
record the final DGM reading, and then conduct a post-test leak check, as
outlined in section 8.4.4 of this method. Also leak-check the pitot lines as
described in section 8.1 of Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The lines
must pass this leak check in order to validate the velocity head data.
8.6 Calculation of percent isokinetic.
Calculate percent isokinetic (see Calculations, section
12.12 of this method) to determine whether a run was valid or another test run
should be made. If there was difficulty in maintaining isokinetic rates because
of source conditions, consult the Administrator for possible variance on the
isokinetic rates.
8.7 Sample recovery.
8.7.1 Proper cleanup procedure begins as soon as the probe
is removed from the stack at the end of the sampling period. Allow the probe to
cool.
8.7.2 When the probe can be safely handled, wipe off all
external PM near the tip of the probe nozzle and place a cap over it to prevent
losing or gaining PM. Do not cap off the probe tip tightly while the sampling
train is cooling down. This would create a vacuum in the filter holder, thus
drawing water from the impingers into the filter holder.
8.7.3 Before moving the sample train to the cleanup site,
remove the probe from the sample train, wipe off the silicone grease, and cap
the open outlet of the probe. Be careful not to lose any condensate that might
be present. Wipe off the silicone grease from the filter inlet where the probe
was fastened and cap it. Remove the umbilical cord from the last impinger and
cap the impinger. If a flexible line is used between the first impinger or
condenser and the filter holder, disconnect the line at the filter holder and
let any condensed water or liquid drain into the impingers or condenser. After
wiping off the silicone grease, cap off the filter holder outlet and impinger
inlet. Ground-glass stoppers, plastic caps, or serum caps may be used to close
these openings.
8.7.4 Transfer the probe and filter-impinger assembly to the
cleanup area. This area should be clean and protected from the wind so that the
chances of contaminating or losing the sample will be minimized.
8.7.5 Save a portion of the acetone and methylene chloride
used for cleanup as blanks. Take 200 ml of each solvent directly from the wash
bottle being used and place it in glass sample containers labeled "acetone
blank" and "methylene chloride blank," respectively.
8.7.6 Inspect the train prior to and during disassembly
and note any abnormal conditions. Treat the samples as follows:
8.7.6.1 Container No. l. Carefully remove the filter from
the filter holder, and place it in its identified Petri dish container. Use a
pair of tweezers and/or clean disposable surgical gloves to handle the filter.
If it is necessary to fold the filter, do so such that the PM cake is inside
the fold. Using a dry nylon bristle brush and/or a sharp-edged blade, carefully
transfer to the Petri dish any PM and/or filter fibers that adhere to the
filter holder gasket. Seal the container.
8.7.6.2 Container No. 2. Taking care to see that dust on
the outside of the probe or other exterior surfaces does not get into the
sample, quantitatively recover PM or any condensate from the probe nozzle,
probe fitting, probe liner, and front half of the filter holder by washing
these components with acetone and placing the wash in a glass container.
Perform the acetone rinse as follows:
8.7.6.2.1 Carefully remove the probe nozzle and clean the
inside surface by rinsing with acetone from a wash bottle and brushing with a
nylon bristle brush. Brush until the acetone rinse shows no visible particles,
after which make a final rinse of the inside surface with acetone.
8.7.6.2.2 Brush and rinse the inside parts of the Swagelok
fitting with acetone in a similar way until no visible particles remain.
8.7.6.2.3 Rinse the probe liner with acetone by tilting
and rotating the probe while squirting acetone into its upper end so that all
inside surfaces are wetted with acetone. Let the acetone drain from the lower end
into the sample container. A funnel (glass or polyethylene) may be used to aid
in transferring liquid washes to the container. Follow the acetone rinse with a
probe brush. Hold the probe in an inclined position, squirt acetone into the
upper end as the probe brush is being pushed with a twisting action through the
probe, hold a sample container under the lower end of the probe, and catch any
acetone and PM that is brushed from the probe. Run the brush through the probe
three times or more until no visible PM is carried out with the acetone or
until none remains in the probe liner on visual inspection. With stainless
steel or other metal probes, run the brush through in the above-described
manner at least six times, since metal probes have small crevices in which PM
can be entrapped. Rinse the brush with acetone and quantitatively collect these
washings in the sample container. After the brushing, make a final acetone
rinse of the probe as described above.
8.7.6.2.4 It is recommended that two people clean the
probe to minimize sample losses. Between sampling runs, keep brushes clean and
protected from contamination.
8.7.6.2.5 After ensuring that all joints have been wiped
clean of silicone grease, clean the inside of the front half of the filter
holder by rubbing the surfaces with a nylon bristle brush and rinsing with
acetone. Rinse each surface three times or more if needed to remove visible
particulate. Make a final rinse of the brush and filter holder. Carefully rinse
out the glass cyclone also (if applicable).
8.7.6.2.6 After rinsing the nozzle, probe, and front half
of the filter holder with acetone, repeat the entire procedure with methylene
chloride and save in a separate No. 2M container.
8.7.6.2.7 After acetone and methylene chloride washings and
PM have been collected in the proper sample containers, tighten the lid on the
sample containers so that acetone and methylene chloride will not leak out when
it is shipped to the laboratory. Mark the height of the fluid level to
determine whether leakage occurs during transport. Label each container to
identify clearly its contents.
8.7.6.3 Container No. 3. Note the color of the indicating
silica gel to determine whether it has been completely spent, and make a
notation of its condition. Transfer the silica gel from the fourth impinger to
its original container and seal the container. A funnel may make it easier to
pour the silica gel without spilling. A rubber policeman may be used as an aid
in removing the silica gel from the impinger. It is not necessary to remove the
small amount of dust particles that may adhere to the impinger wall and are
difficult to remove. Since the gain in weight is to be used for moisture
calculations, do not use any water or other liquids to transfer the silica gel.
If a balance is available in the field, follow the procedure for Container No.
3 in section 11.2.3 of this method.
8.7.6.4 Impinger water. Treat the impingers as follows:
8.7.6.4.1 Make a notation of any color or film in the
liquid catch. Measure the liquid that is in the first three impingers to within
1 ml by using a graduated cylinder or by weighing it to within 0.5 g by using a
balance (if one is available). Record the volume or weight of liquid present.
This information is required to calculate the moisture content of the effluent
gas.
8.7.6.4.2 Following the determination of the volume of
liquid present, rinse the back half of the train with water, add it to the
impinger catch, and store it in a container labeled 3W (water).
8.7.6.4.3 Following the water rinse, rinse the back half
of the train with acetone to remove the excess water to enhance subsequent
organic recovery with methylene chloride and quantitatively recover to a
container labeled 3S (solvent) followed by at least three sequential rinsings
with aliquots of methylene chloride. Quantitatively recover to the same
container labeled 3S. Record separately the amount of both acetone and
methylene chloride used to the nearest 1 ml or 0.5g.
NOTE: Because the
subsequent analytical finish is gravimetric, it is okay to recover both
solvents to the same container. This would not be recommended if other
analytical finishes were required.
8.8 Sample transport.
Whenever possible, containers should be shipped in such a
way that they remain upright at all times.
9.0 Quality Control.
9.1 Miscellaneous quality control measures.
9.2 Volume metering system checks.
The following quality control procedures are suggested to
check the volume metering system calibration values at the field test site
prior to sample collection. These procedures are optional.
9.2.1 Meter orifice check.
Using the calibration data obtained during the calibration
procedure described in section 10.3 of this method, determine the DeltaH@ for
the metering system orifice. The DeltaH@ is the orifice pressure differential
in units of in. H20 that correlates to 0.75 cfm of air at 528¡R and 29.92 in.
Hg. The DeltaH@ is calculated as follows:
where
9.2.1.1 Before beginning the field test (a set of three
runs usually constitutes a field test), operate the metering system (i.e.,
pump, volume meter, and orifice) at the DeltaH@ pressure differential for l0
minutes. Record the volume collected, the DGM temperature, and the barometric
pressure. Calculate a DGM calibration check value, Yc, as follows:
where
9.2.2 Calibrated critical orifice.
A calibrated critical orifice, calibrated against a wet
test meter or spirometer and designed to be inserted at the inlet of the
sampling meter box, may be used as a quality control check by following the
procedure of section 16.2 of this method.
10.0 Calibration and Standardization.
NOTE: Maintain a laboratory log of all calibrations.
10.1 Probe nozzle.
Probe nozzles shall be calibrated before their initial use
in the field. Using a micrometer, measure the ID of the nozzle to the nearest
0.025 mm (0.00l in.). Make three separate measurements using different
diameters each time, and obtain the average of the measurements. The difference
between the high and low numbers shall not exceed 0.1 mm (0.004 in.). When
nozzles become nicked, dented, or corroded, they shall be reshaped, sharpened,
and recalibrated before use. Each nozzle shall be permanently and uniquely
identified.
10.2 Pitot tube assembly.
The Type S pitot tube assembly shall be calibrated
according to the procedure outlined in section 10.1 of Method 2, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A.
10.3 Metering system.
10.3.1 Calibration prior to use.
Before its initial use in the field, the metering system
shall be calibrated as follows: Connect the metering system inlet to the outlet
of a wet test meter that is accurate to within l percent. Refer to Figure 5-5
of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The wet test meter should have a
capacity of 30 liters/revolution (l ft3/rev). A spirometer of 400 liters (l4
ft3) or more capacity, or equivalent, may be used for this calibration,
although a wet test meter is usually more practical. The wet test meter should
be periodically calibrated with a spirometer or a liquid displacement meter to
ensure the accuracy of the wet test meter. Spirometers or wet test meters of
other sizes may be used, provided that the specified accuracies of the
procedure are maintained. Run the metering system pump for about 15 minutes
with the orifice manometer indicating a median reading, as expected in field
use, to allow the pump to warm up and to permit the interior surface of the wet
test meter to be thoroughly wetted. Then, at each of a minimum of three orifice
manometer settings, pass an exact quantity of gas through the wet test meter
and note the gas volume indicated by the DGM. Also note the barometric pressure
and the temperatures of the wet test meter, the inlet of the DGM, and the
outlet of the DGM. Select the highest and lowest orifice settings to bracket
the expected field operating range of the orifice. Use a minimum volume of 0.l5
m3 (5 cf) at all orifice settings. Record all the data on a form similar to
Figure 5-6 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A, and calculate Y (the DGM
calibration factor) and DeltaH@ (the orifice calibration factor) at each
orifice setting, as shown on Figure 5-6 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A. Allowable tolerances for individual Y and DeltaH@ values are given in Figure
5-6 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Use the average of the Y values in
the calculations in section 12 of this method.
10.3.1.1. Before calibrating the metering system, it is
suggested that a leak check be conducted. For metering systems having diaphragm
pumps, the normal leak check procedure will not detect leakages within the
pump. For these cases the following leak check procedure is suggested: make a
l0-minute calibration run at 0.00057 m3/min (0.02 cfm); at the end of the run,
take the difference of the measured wet test meter and DGM volumes; divide the
difference by l0 to get the leak rate. The leak rate should not exceed 0.00057
m3/min (0.02 cfm).
10.3.2 Calibration after use.
After each field use, the calibration of the metering
system shall be checked by performing three calibration runs at a single,
intermediate orifice setting (based on the previous field test) with the vacuum
set at the maximum value reached during the test series. To adjust the vacuum,
insert a valve between the wet test meter and the inlet of the metering system.
Calculate the average value of the DGM calibration factor. If the value has
changed by more than 5 percent, recalibrate the meter over the full range of
orifice settings, as previously detailed.
NOTE: Alternative
procedures, e.g., rechecking the orifice meter coefficient, may be used,
subject to the approval of the Administrator.
10.3.3 Acceptable variation in calibration.
If the DGM coefficient values obtained before and after a
test series differ by more than 5 percent, either the test series shall be
voided or calculations for the test series shall be performed using whichever
meter coefficient value (i.e., before or after) gives the lower value of total
sample volume.
10.4 Probe heater calibration.
Use a heat source to generate air heated to selected
temperatures that approximate those expected to occur in the sources to be
sampled. Pass this air through the probe at a typical sample flow rate while
measuring the probe inlet and outlet temperatures at various probe heater
settings. For each air temperature generated, construct a graph of probe
heating system setting versus probe outlet temperature. The procedure outlined
in APTD-0576 can also be used. Probes constructed according to APTD-058l need
not be calibrated if the calibration curves in APTD-0576 are used. Also, probes
with outlet temperature monitoring capabilities do not require calibration.
NOTE: The probe
heating system shall be calibrated before its initial use in the field.
10.5 Temperature sensors.
Use the procedure in section 10.3 of Method 2, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A to calibrate in-stack temperature sensors. Dial thermometers,
such as are used for the DGM and condenser outlet, shall be calibrated against
mercury-in-glass thermometers.
10.6 Barometer.
Calibrate against a mercury barometer.
11.0 Analytical Procedure.
11.1 Record the data required on a sheet such as the one
shown in Figure 315-1 of this method.
11.2 Handle each sample container as follows:
11.2.1 Container No. l.
11.2.1.1 PM analysis. Leave the contents in the shipping
container or transfer the filter and any loose PM from the sample container to
a tared glass-weighing dish. Desiccate for 24 hours in a desiccator containing
anhydrous calcium sulfate. Weigh to a constant weight and report the results to
the nearest 0.l mg. For purposes of this section, the term "constant
weight" means a difference of no more than 0.5 mg or l percent of total
weight less tare weight, whichever is greater, between two consecutive
weighings, with no less than 6 hours of desiccation time between weighings
(overnight desiccation is a common practice). If a third weighing is required
and it agrees within ±0.5 mg, then the results of the second weighing should be
used. For quality assurance purposes, record and report each individual
weighing; if more than three weighings are required, note this in the results
for the subsequent MCEM results.
11.2.1.2 MCEM analysis. Transfer the filter and contents
quantitatively into a beaker. Add 100 ml of methylene chloride and cover with
aluminum foil. Sonicate for 3 minutes then allow to stand for 20 minutes. Set
up the filtration apparatus. Decant the solution into a clean Buchner fritted
funnel. Immediately pressure filter the solution through the tube into another
clean, dry beaker. Continue decanting and pressure filtration until all the
solvent is transferred. Rinse the beaker and filter with 10 to 20 ml methylene
chloride, decant into the Buchner fritted funnel and pressure filter. Place the
beaker on a low-temperature hot plate (maximum 40¡C) and slowly evaporate
almost to dryness. Transfer the remaining last few milliliters of solution
quantitatively from the beaker (using at least three aliquots of methylene
chloride rinse) to a tared clean dry aluminum dish and evaporate to complete
dryness. Remove from heat once solvent is evaporated. Reweigh the dish after a
30-minute equilibrium in the balance room and determine the weight to the
nearest 0.1 mg. Conduct a methylene chloride blank run in an identical fashion.
11.2.2 Container No. 2.
11.2.2.1 PM analysis. Note the level of liquid in the
container, and confirm on the analysis sheet whether leakage occurred during
transport. If a noticeable amount of leakage has occurred, either void the
sample or use methods, subject to the approval of the Administrator, to correct
the final results. Measure the liquid in this container either volumetrically
to ±l ml or gravimetrically to ±0.5 g. Transfer the contents to a tared 250 ml
beaker and evaporate to dryness at ambient temperature and pressure. Desiccate
for 24 hours, and weigh to a constant weight. Report the results to the nearest
0.l mg.
11.2.2.2 MCEM analysis. Add 25 ml methylene chloride to
the beaker and cover with aluminum foil. Sonicate for 3 minutes then allow to
stand for 20 minutes; combine with contents of Container No. 2M and pressure
filter and evaporate as described for Container 1 in section 11.2.1.2 of this
method.
NOTES FOR MCEM ANALYSIS:
1. Light finger pressure only is necessary on 24/40
adaptor. A Chemplast adapter #15055-240 has been found satisfactory.
2. Avoid aluminum dishes made with fluted sides, as these
may promote solvent Òcreep,Ó resulting in possible sample loss.
3. If multiple samples are being run, rinse the Buchner
fritted funnel twice between samples with 5 ml solvent using pressure
filtration. After the second rinse, continue the flow of air until the glass
frit is completely dry. Clean the Buchner fritted funnels thoroughly after
filtering five or six samples.
11.2.3 Container No. 3. Weigh the spent silica gel (or
silica gel plus impinger) to the nearest 0.5 g using a balance. This step may
be conducted in the field.
11.2.4 Container 3W (impinger water).
11.2.4.1 MCEM analysis. Transfer the solution into a 1,000
ml separatory funnel quantitatively with methylene chloride washes. Add enough
solvent to total approximately 50 ml, if necessary. Shake the funnel for 1
minute, allow the phases to separate, and drain the solvent layer into a 250 ml
beaker. Repeat the extraction twice. Evaporate with low heat (less than 40¡C)
until near dryness. Transfer the remaining few milliliters of solvent
quantitatively with small solvent washes into a clean, dry, tared aluminum dish
and evaporate to dryness. Remove from heat once solvent is evaporated. Reweigh
the dish after a 30-minute equilibration in the balance room and determine the
weight to the nearest 0.1 mg.
11.2.5 Container 3S (solvent).
11.2.5.1 MCEM analysis. Transfer the mixed solvent to 250
ml beaker(s). Evaporate and weigh following the procedures detailed for
container 3W in section 11.2.4 of this method.
11.2.6 Blank containers. Measure the distilled water,
acetone, or methylene chloride in each container either volumetrically or
gravimetrically. Transfer the ÒsolventÓ to a tared 250 ml beaker, and evaporate
to dryness at ambient temperature and pressure. (Conduct a solvent blank on the
distilled deionized water blank in an identical fashion to that described in
section 11.2.4.1 of this method.) Desiccate for 24 hours, and weigh to a
constant weight. Report the results to the nearest 0.l mg.
NOTE: The contents
of Containers No. 2, 3W, and 3M as well as the blank containers may be
evaporated at temperatures higher than ambient. If evaporation is done at an
elevated temperature, the temperature must be below the boiling point of the
solvent; also, to prevent "bumping," the evaporation process must be
closely supervised, and the contents of the beaker must be swirled occasionally
to maintain an even temperature. Use extreme care, as acetone and methylene
chloride are highly flammable and have a low flash point.
12.0 Data Analysis and Calculations.
12.1 Carry out calculations, retaining at least one extra
decimal figure beyond that of the acquired data. Round off figures after the
final calculation. Other forms of the equations may be used as long as they
give equivalent results.
12.2 Nomenclature.
12.3 Average dry gas meter temperature and average orifice
pressure drop. See data sheet (Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix
A).
12.4 Dry gas volume. Correct the sample volume measured by
the dry gas meter to standard conditions (20¡C, 760 mm Hg or 68¡F, 29.92 in Hg)
by using Equation 315-1.
where
NOTE: Equation
315-1 can be used as written unless the leakage rate observed during any of the
mandatory leak checks (i.e., the post-test leak check or leak checks conducted
prior to component changes) exceeds La . If Lp or Li exceeds La , Equation
315-1 must be modified as follows:
(a) Case I. No component changes made during sampling run.
In this case, replace Vm in Equation 315-1 with the expression:
(b) Case II.
One or more component changes made during the sampling run. In this case,
replace Vm in Equation 315-1 by the expression:
and substitute only for those leakage rates (Li or Lp )
which exceed La.
12.5 Volume of water vapor condensed.
where
12.6 Moisture content.
NOTE: In saturated
or water droplet-laden gas streams, two calculations of the moisture content of
the stack gas shall be made, one from the impinger analysis (Equation 315-3), and
a second from the assumption of saturated conditions. The lower of the two
values of Bws shall be considered correct. The procedure for determining the
moisture content based upon assumption of saturated conditions is given in
section 4.0 of Method 4, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. For the purposes of this
method, the average stack gas temperature from Figure 5-2 of Method 5, 40 CFR
part 60, appendix A may be used to make this determination, provided that the
accuracy of the in-stack temperature sensor is ±l¡C (2¡F).
12.7 Acetone blank concentration.
12.8 Acetone wash blank.
12.9 Total particulate weight. Determine the total PM
catch from the sum of the weights obtained from Containers l and 2 less the
acetone blank associated with these two containers (see Figure 315-1).
NOTE: Refer to
section 8.5.8 of this method to assist in calculation of results involving two
or more filter assemblies or two or more sampling trains.
12.10 Particulate concentration.
where
12.12.1 Calculation from raw data.
where
12.l2.2 Calculation from intermediate values.
where
K5 = 4.320 for metric units;
= 0.09450 for English units.
12.12.3 Acceptable results. If 90 percent < I <
110 percent, the results are acceptable. If the PM or MCEM results are low in
comparison to the standard, and "I" is over 110 percent or less than
90 percent, the Administrator may opt to accept the results. Reference 4 in the
Bibliography may be used to make acceptability judgments. If "I" is
judged to be unacceptable, reject the results, and repeat the test.
12.13 Stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate.
Calculate the average stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate, if needed,
using data obtained in this method and the equations in sections 5.2 and 5.3 of
Method 2, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
12.14 MCEM results. Determine the MCEM concentration from
the results from Containers 1, 2, 2M, 3W, and 3S less the acetone, methylene
chloride, and filter blanks value as determined in the following equation:
13.0 Method Performance. [Reserved]
14.0 Pollution Prevention. [Reserved]
15.0 Waste Management. [Reserved]
16.0 Alternative Procedures.
16.1 Dry gas meter as a calibration standard.
A DGM may be used as a calibration standard for volume
measurements in place of the wet test meter specified in section 16.1 of this
method, provided that it is calibrated initially and recalibrated periodically
as follows:
16.1.1 Standard dry gas meter calibration.
16.1.1.1. The DGM to be calibrated and used as a secondary
reference meter should be of high quality and have an appropriately sized
capacity, e.g., 3 liters/rev (0.1 ft3/rev). A spirometer (400 liters or more
capacity), or equivalent, may be used for this calibration, although a wet test
meter is usually more practical. The wet test meter should have a capacity of
30 liters/rev (1 ft3/rev) and be capable of measuring volume to within 1.0
percent; wet test meters should be checked against a spirometer or a liquid
displacement meter to ensure the accuracy of the wet test meter. Spirometers or
wet test meters of other sizes may be used, provided that the specified
accuracies of the procedure are maintained.
16.1.1.2 Set up the components as shown in Figure 5-7 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
A spirometer, or equivalent, may be used in place of the wet test meter
in the system. Run the pump for at least 5 minutes at a flow rate of about 10
liters/min (0.35 cfm) to condition the interior surface of the wet test meter.
The pressure drop indicated by the manometer at the inlet side of the DGM
should be minimized (no greater than 100 mm H2O [4 in. H2O] at a flow rate of
30 liters/min [1 cfm]). This can be accomplished by using large- diameter
tubing connections and straight pipe fittings.
16.1.1.3 Collect the data as shown in the example data
sheet (see Figure 5-8 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A). Make triplicate
runs at each of the flow rates and at no less than five different flow rates.
The range of flow rates should be between 10 and 34 liters/min (0.35 and 1.2
cfm) or over the expected operating range.
16.1.1.4 Calculate flow rate, Q, for each run using the
wet test meter volume, Vw , and the run time, q. Calculate the DGM coefficient, Yds, for each run. These
calculations are as follows:
where
16.1.l.5 Compare the three Yds values at each of the flow
rates and determine the maximum and minimum values. The difference between the
maximum and minimum values at each flow rate should be no greater than 0.030.
Extra sets of triplicate runs may be made in order to complete this
requirement. In addition, the meter coefficients should be between 0.95 and
1.05. If these specifications cannot be met in three sets of successive
triplicate runs, the meter is not suitable as a calibration standard and should
not be used as such. If these specifications are met, average the three Yds
values at each flow rate resulting in five average meter coefficients, Yds.
16.1.1.6 Prepare a curve of meter coefficient, Yds, versus
flow rate, Q, for the DGM. This curve shall be used as a reference when the
meter is used to calibrate other DGMs and to determine whether recalibration is
required.
16.1.2 Standard dry gas meter recalibration.
16.1.2.1 Recalibrate the standard DGM against a wet test
meter or spirometer annually or after every 200 hours of operation, whichever
comes first. This requirement is valid provided the standard DGM is kept in a
laboratory and, if transported, cared for as any other laboratory instrument.
Abuse to the standard meter may cause a change in the calibration and will
require more frequent recalibrations.
16.1.2.2 As an alternative to full recalibration, a
two-point calibration check may be made. Follow the same procedure and
equipment arrangement as for a full recalibration, but run the meter at only
two flow rates (suggested rates are 14 and 28 liters/min [0.5 and 1.0 cfm]).
Calculate the meter coefficients for these two points, and compare the values
with the meter calibration curve. If the two coefficients are within 1.5
percent of the calibration curve values at the same flow rates, the meter need
not be recalibrated until the next date for a recalibration check.
16.2 Critical orifices as calibration standards.
Critical orifices may be used as calibration standards in
place of the wet test meter specified in section 10.3 of this method, provided
that they are selected, calibrated, and used as follows:
16.2.1 Selection of critical orifices.
16.2.1.1 The procedure that follows describes the use of
hypodermic needles or stainless steel needle tubing that has been found
suitable for use as critical orifices. Other materials and critical orifice
designs may be used provided the orifices act as true critical orifices; i.e.,
a critical vacuum can be obtained, as described in section 7.2.2.2.3 of Method
5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Select five critical orifices that are
appropriately sized to cover the range of flow rates between 10 and 34
liters/min or the expected operating range. Two of the critical orifices should
bracket the expected operating range. A minimum of three critical orifices will
be needed to calibrate a Method 5 DGM; the other two critical orifices can
serve as spares and provide better selection for bracketing the range of
operating flow rates. The needle sizes and tubing lengths shown in Table 315-1
give the approximate flow rates indicated in the table.
16.2.1.2 These needles can be adapted to a Method 5 type
sampling train as follows: Insert a serum bottle stopper, 13 x 20 mm sleeve
type, into a 0.5 in Swagelok quick connect. Insert the needle into the stopper
as shown in Figure 5-9 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.2 Critical orifice calibration.
The procedure described in this section uses the Method 5
meter box configuration with a DGM as described in section 6.1.1.9 of this
method to calibrate the critical orifices. Other schemes may be used, subject
to the approval of the Administrator.
16.2.2.1 Calibration of meter box. The critical orifices
must be calibrated in the same configuration as they will be used; i.e., there
should be no connections to the inlet of the orifice.
16.2.2.1.1 Before calibrating the meter box, leak-check
the system as follows: Fully open the coarse adjust valve and completely close
the bypass valve. Plug the inlet. Then turn on the pump and determine whether
there is any leakage. The leakage rate shall be zero; i.e., no detectable
movement of the DGM dial shall be seen for 1 minute.
16.2.2.1.2 Check also for leakages in that portion of the
sampling train between the pump and the orifice meter. See section 5.6 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A for the procedure; make any corrections,
if necessary. If leakage is detected, check for cracked gaskets, loose
fittings, worn 0-rings, etc. and make the necessary repairs.
16.2.2.1.3 After determining that the meter box is
leakless, calibrate the meter box according to the procedure given in section
5.3 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. Make sure that the wet test meter
meets the requirements stated in section 7.1.1.1 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A. Check the water level in the wet test meter. Record the DGM
calibration factor, Y.
16.2.2.2 Calibration of critical orifices. Set up the
apparatus as shown in Figure 5-10 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.2.2.1 Allow a warm-up time of 15 minutes. This step
is important to equilibrate the temperature conditions through the DGM.
16.2.2.2.2 Leak-check the system as in section 7.2.2.1.1
of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A. The leakage rate shall be zero.
16.2.2.2.3 Before calibrating the critical orifice,
determine its suitability and the appropriate operating vacuum as follows: turn
on the pump, fully open the coarse adjust valve, and adjust the bypass valve to
give a vacuum reading corresponding to about half of atmospheric pressure.
Observe the meter box orifice manometer reading, DH. Slowly increase the vacuum
reading until a stable reading is obtained on the meter box orifice manometer.
Record the critical vacuum for each orifice. Orifices that do not reach a
critical value shall not be used.
16.2.2.2.4 Obtain the barometric pressure using a
barometer as described in section 6.1.2 of this method. Record the barometric
pressure, Pbar, in mm Hg (in. Hg).
16.2.2.2.5 Conduct duplicate runs at a vacuum of 25 to 50
mm Hg (1 to 2 in. Hg) above the critical vacuum. The runs shall be at least 5
minutes each. The DGM volume readings shall be in increments of complete
revolutions of the DGM. As a guideline, the times should not differ by more
than 3.0 seconds (this includes allowance for changes in the DGM temperatures)
to achieve ±0.5 percent in K'. Record the information listed in Figure 5-11 of
Method 5, 40 CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.2.2.6 Calculate K' using Equation 315-11.
where
16.2.2.2.7 Average the K' values. The individual K' values
should not differ by more than ±0.5 percent from the average.
16.2.3 Using the critical orifices as calibration standards.
16.2.3.1 Record the barometric pressure.
16.2.3.2 Calibrate the metering system according to the
procedure outlined in sections 7.2.2.2.1 to 7.2.2.2.5 of Method 5, 40 CFR part
60, appendix A. Record the information listed in Figure 5-12 of Method 5, 40
CFR part 60, appendix A.
16.2.3.3 Calculate the standard volumes of air passed
through the DGM and the critical orifices, and calculate the DGM calibration
factor, Y, using the equations below:
where
16.2.3.4 Average the DGM calibration values for each of
the flow rates. The calibration factor, Y, at each of the flow rates should not
differ by more than ±2 percent from the average.
16.2.3.5 To determine the need for recalibrating the
critical orifices, compare the DGM Y factors obtained from two adjacent
orifices each time a DGM is calibrated; for example, when checking orifice
13/2.5, use orifices 12/10.2 and 13/5.1. If any critical orifice yields a DGM Y
factor differing by more than 2 percent from the others, recalibrate the
critical orifice according to section 7.2.2.2 of Method 5, 40 CFR part 60,
appendix A.
17.0 References.
l. Addendum to Specifications for Incinerator Testing at
Federal Facilities. PHS, NCAPC. December 6, l967.
2. Martin, Robert M. Construction Details of Isokinetic
Source-Sampling Equipment. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle
Park, NC. APTD-058l. April l97l.
3. Rom, Jerome J. Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation
of Isokinetic Source Sampling Equipment. Environmental Protection Agency.
Research Triangle Park, NC. APTD-0576. March l972.
4. Smith, W.S., R.T. Shigehara, and W.F. Todd. A Method of
Interpreting Stack Sampling Data. Paper Presented at the 63rd Annual Meeting of
the Air Pollution Control Association, St. Louis, MO. June l4-l9, l970.
5. Smith, W.S., et al. Stack Gas Sampling Improved and
Simplified With New Equipment. APCA Paper No. 67-ll9. l967.
6. Specifications for Incinerator Testing at Federal
Facilities. PHS, NCAPC. l967.
7. Shigehara, R.T. Adjustment in the EPA Nomograph for
Different Pitot Tube Coefficients and Dry Molecular Weights. Stack Sampling News
2:4-ll. October l974.
8. Vollaro, R.F. A Survey of Commercially Available
Instrumentation for the Measurement of Low-Range Gas Velocities. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Emission Measurement Branch. Research Triangle
Park, NC. November l976 (unpublished paper).
9. Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Part 26. Gaseous Fuels;
Coal and Coke; Atmospheric Analysis. American Society for Testing and
Materials. Philadelphia, PA. l974. pp. 6l7-622.
10. Felix, L.G., G.I. Clinard, G.E. Lacy, and J.D. McCain.
Inertial Cascade Impactor Substrate Media for Flue Gas Sampling. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Publication
No. EPA-600/7-77-060. June l977. 83 p. ll. Westlin, P.R., and R.T. Shigehara.
Procedure for Calibrating and Using Dry Gas Volume Meters as Calibration
Standards. Source Evaluation Society Newsletter. 3(l):l7-30. February l978.
12. Lodge, J.P., Jr., J.B. Pate, B.E. Ammons, and G.A.
Swanson. The Use of Hypodermic Needles as Critical Orifices in Air Sampling. J.
Air Pollution Control Association. 16:197-200. 1966.
18.0 Tables, Diagrams, Flowcharts, and Validation Data
TABLE 315-1. Flow Rates for Various Needle Sizes and Tube Lengths.
FIGURE 315-1. Particulate and MCEM Analyses
Note 1: Convert volume of water to weight by multiplying
by the density of water (1 g/ml).
